Topic
Sludge separation − filtration
Filtration theory defines the way in which water flows through the bed, which is formed of the sludge solids (cake)
Rotary drum thickeners
Rotary drum thickening increases the sludge solids concentration by agitating the solids in a slowly-rotating cylindrical drum with porous walls though which the water (or filtrate) drains. The drum is normally 0.5−1.5 m diameter drum and rotates at speeds between 5 and 20 RPM while the sludge continually passes along its axis.
Rotary drum thickeners related videos
Rotary drum thickener, Andritz
A video to demonstrate the principles of the Andritz rotary drum thickener.
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Rotary drum thickeners features and blogs
Feature
Co-processing of sewage digestate by hydrothermal carbonisation
Hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) can be used to co-process anaerobic digestion (AD) digestate and lignocellulosic (or plant-based) feedstocks to improve the the hydrochar product quality. This AD waste co-processing route has been studied at bench scale. Read article
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Centrifuges
Centrifugal thickening increases sludge concentration by encouraging particles to migrate to the walls of a rapidly rotating
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Flotation thickeners
Dissolved air flotation thickens sludges by encouraging the solids to float to the surface where they can be skimmed off
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Gravity belt thickeners
Gravity belt thickening thickens sludge by allowing the water to drain from the sludge under gravity through a permeable belt
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Gravity thickeners
Gravity thickening increases the solids concentration by allowing the particles to settle to the base of a vessel
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Membrane thickeners
Membrane thickeners separate suspended solids from liquid by extracting the water through a selective permeable material
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Conditioning
Conditioning is the pretreatment of sludge upstream of thickening and dewatering to promote solid-liquid separation
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Thickening
Thickening processes concentrate the sludge by removing part of the free water, such that the product can still be pumped
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Dewatering
Dewatering processes mechanically remove a significant proportion of the sludge water to produce a 15-45% cake product
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Drying
In sludge drying the sludge moisture is removed as water vapour by heating, generating a pelleted or powdered product
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Sludge stabilisation
Sludge stabilisation − alkaline stabilisation, lime and solids dosing, plus anaerobic and aerobic digestion
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Thermochemical processes
Thermochemical methods are used to either significantly reduce the sludge solids content or pre-treat sludge upstream of AD
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Sludge quality
Sludge is the main waste stream from the treatment of wastewater