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Glossary (S)

Updated on

Having problems with our terms and abbreviations? Use Ctrl+F to search our list of glossary items below. Contact us if you find a sludge abbreviation or glossary term you think it would be useful to add.

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Screw press SP

Sludge dewatering technology based on conveying sludge along the length of a cylindrical screen using an Archimedean screw
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Septicity

Decay and putrefaction under anaerobic (i.e. oxygen-depleted) conditions
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Settling velocity

The velocity of a particle settling in water under gravity
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Severity factor

Factor expressing the rate of increase and intensity of heat
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Shear rate

Rate of imposed shear, the force associated with water flowing parallel to the particle or floc surface
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Slow pyrolysis

Non-oxidative thermochemical treatment employing low heating rates and moderate temperatures favouring bio-char as the main product
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Sludge drying

Removal of water from sludge by evaporation at elevated temperatures
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Sludge stabilisation

Reduction of odour, putrescence (i.e. decay) and pathogenic organism content of sewage sludge
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Solar dryers

Equipment for removing water from sludge through its evaporation at elevated temperatures
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Solar drying bed SDB

Sludge drying bed housed in a glass-based structure to allow control of the drying atmosphere
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Solid bowl centrifuge

Centrifuge based on a rotating horizontal cylinder with a conical end where the sludge cake exits
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Solids loading rate SLR

Amount of solids fed into the reactor per volume per unit time
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Solids mass concentration

Percentage solids content or mass of solids per unit volume of sludge
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Solids reduction

Reduction of solids content of sludge through its decomposition to thermal products
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Solids retention time SRT

Period of time the solids are retained in the reactor
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Solubilisation

Dissolving of matter in water
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Specific resistance

Hydraulic resistance of the cake formed from sludge solids to the passage of water through it
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Specific resistance to filtration SRF

Measure of hydraulic resistance
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Stabilisation

See 'Sludge stabilisation'
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Sticky phase

Phase of the drying cycle where the sludge becomes sticky and challenging to manipulate
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Supercritical region

Region of the water temperature:pressure phase diagram above 218 bar pressure and 374 °C temperature in which water exists as a supercritical fluid or plasma
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Supercritical water gasification SCWG

Another term for 'hydrothermal gasification'
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Supercritical water oxidation SCWO

Oxidation taking place in the supercritical region of the temperature:pressure water phase diagram (above 218 bar pressure and 374 °C temperature)
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Supernatant

Diluted (water) upper layer produced when solids settle
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Surface water

Water associated with solid particles and bound to their surfaces by hydrogen bonding
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Syngas

Primary product of hydrothermal gasification (HTG), containing gaseous hydrogen and carbon monoxide as the primary constituents
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Synotrophy

A biochemical symbiotic relationship

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This page was last updated on 23 April 2021

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