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Glossary (C)

Updated on

Having problems with our terms and abbreviations? Use Ctrl+F to search our list of glossary items below. Contact us if you find a sludge abbreviation or glossary term you think it would be useful to add.

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Cake

Concentrated product from dewatering
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Cake compressibility

Extent to which a filter cake compresses with applied pressure
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Calorific content or value

Latent energy of a material, normally expressed in units of mega-Joules or kWh per unit mass of material
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Carbonisation

Low-temperature thermochemical treatment in the presence of water and absence of air favouring the formation of hydrochar as the primary product
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Centrate

Diluted (water) stream from centrifugal sludge separation operations
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Centrifugal dewatering CD

Sludge dewatering by using centrifugal forces to separate solids of higher density than water
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Centrifugal thickening CT

Sludge consolidation by using centrifugal forces to separate solids of higher density than water
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Circulating fluidised bed CFB

Reactor configuration used in thermochemical treatment based on a recirculating bed of sand fluidised by upward-flowing air
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Co-disposal

Disposal through combination with some other waste product(s)
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Coagulant

Inorganic/mineral chemical used to carry out coagulation
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Coagulation

Aggregation or agglomeration of suspended solids to form larger particles (aggregates or flocs) through destabilisation of the particles using inorganic/mineral chemicals
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Colloid

Particles or macromolecules in the sub-0.1 µm size range
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Colloidal

Colloid-like properties
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Combined heat and power CHP

Engines used to generate usable electrical and thermal energy from a heat source
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Combustion

Alternative term for 'incineration'
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Composting

Aerobic digestion process, based on natural recirculation of air under ambient conditions
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Conditioning

Use of chemicals or heat to make sludge more dewaterable or biologically treatable
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Conduction (or direct) dryer

Dryer using externally-heated surfaces to dry the sludge particles
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Consolidated/consolidation

Increased solids concentration
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Constant-rate drying conditions

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Continuous stirred tank reactor  CSTR

Reactor design widely used in the activated sludge process where mass transport is promoted evenly throughout the reactor volume by mixing
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Convective (or indirect) dryer

Dryer using heated air or steam to dry the sludge particles directly
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Conventional activated sludge CAS

Classical, widely-employed process for aerobic wastewater treatment
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This page was last updated on 23 April 2021

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