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Hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) can be used to co-process anaerobic digestion (AD) digestate and lignocellulosic (or plant-based) feedstocks to improve the the hydrochar product quality. This AD waste co-processing route has been studied at bench scale.
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Pre-treatment of sludge by thermal hydrolysis upstream of anaerobic digestion is used to improve AD efficiency. A study looked at (pre-)commissioning data for a full-scale AD installation undergoing upgrading with TH to assess the basis for optimisation.
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A pilot-scale Danish study of phosphorus extraction from acidified anaerobic and aerobic sludge samples has revealed removal to be more effective from anaerobic sludges, even though the digested sludge alkalinity increases the total acid demand.
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Results from a pilot study at a Swedish WwTP suggest that thermophilic plug-flow dry digestion of DDS can meet the requirement for sludge pasteurization, and simultaneously produce energy and reduce the risk of methane emissions from the treated sludge.
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Recycling the product streams from a hydrothermal carbonisation process to the anaerobic digester promotes biogas yield in terms of methane volume per unit feed COD, using HTC process conditions of 190 °C and a 1 h reaction time, this research suggests.
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Microwave drying of mechanically-dewatered sewage sludge presents an alternative to the conventional convective and conductive thermal drying technologies. MW drying offers higher throughput capacities, and may be viable at smaller scales.
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